Ancient Adversary – HERV-K (HML-2) in Cancer
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
HERV-K HML-2 diversity among humans.
Retroviruses comprise over 8% of the human genome (1, 2). Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) exist as DNA remnants of infections that occurred in germ lineage cells of our ancestors. Most of this viral DNA is mutated, often including various large disruptions, but some components are intact or otherwise functional. What viral components exist in human genomes, and what gene products do they ...
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Recent studies suggested a role for the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) group HERV-K(HML-2) in melanoma because of upregulated transcription and expression of HERV-K(HML-2)-encoded proteins. Very little is known about which HML-2 loci are transcribed in melanoma. We assigned >1,400 HML-2 cDNA sequences generated from various melanoma and related samples to genomic HML-2 loci, identifying a t...
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Approximately 8% of the human genome sequence is composed by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), most of which are defective. HERV-K(HML-2) is the youngest and most active family and has maintained some proviruses with intact open reading frames (ORFs) that code for viral proteins that may assemble into viral particles. Many HERV-K(HML-2) sequences are polymorphic in humans (present in some ...
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The human genome harbors numerous distinct families of so-called human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) which are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that entered the germ line millions of years ago. We describe here the hitherto little-characterized betaretrovirus HERV-K(HML-5) family (named HERVK22 in Repbase) in greater detail. Out of 139 proviruses, only a few loci represent full-length provir...
متن کاملHERV-K(HML-2), the Best Preserved Family of HERVs: Endogenization, Expression, and Implications in Health and Disease
Retroviruses that have the ability to infect germ line cells can become an integral and inherited part of the host genome. About 8% of the human chromosomal DNA consists of sequences derived from infections by retroviruses that presumably circulated 2-40 millions of years ago, and some elements are actually much older. Post-insertional recombinations, deletions, and mutations have rendered all ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Oncology
سال: 2021
ISSN: 2234-943X
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658489